The great Cunedda, called Cunedag
(supposedly from *Cunodagos, ‘Good Hound’) in the Historia Brittonum and Cunedaf
in the MARWNAD CUNEDDA, is said to have come down (or been brought down) from
Manau Gododdin, a region around the head of the Firth of Forth, to Gwynedd.
This chieftain and his sons then, according to the account found in the HB,
proceeded to repulse Irish invaders. Unfortunately, this tradition is largely
mistaken.
Cunedda of Manau Gododdin, the reputed
founder of Gwynedd, was himself actually Irish. There was an early St. Cuindid
(d. c. 497 CE) son of Cathbad, who founded a monastery at Lusk, ancient Lusca.
In the year entry 498 CE of the Ulster Annals, his name is spelled in the
genitive as Chuinnedha. In Tigernach 496 CE, the name is Cuindedha.
The Irish sources also have the following
additional information concerning St. Cuindid:
Mac Cuilind - Cunnid proprium nomen - m.
Cathmoga m. Cathbath m Cattain m Fergossa m. Findchada m Feic m. Findchain m
Imchada Ulaig m. Condlai m Taide m. Cein m Ailella Olum.
U496.2 Quies M. Cuilinn episcopi Luscan.
(Repose of Mac Cuilinn, bishop of Lusca).
D.viii. idus Septembris. 993] Luscai la
Macc Cuilinn
994] caín decheng ad-rannai, 995] féil
Scéthe sund linni, 996] Coluimb Roiss gil Glandai.
trans: 'With Macc cuilinn of Luscae thou
apportionest (?) a fair couple: the feast of Sciath here we have, (and that) of
Columb of bright Ross Glandae'
The (later-dated) notes to this entry
read: 'Lusk, i.e. in Fingall, i.e. a house that was built of weeds (lusrad) was
there formerly, and hence the place is named Lusca ........Macc cuilinn, i.e.
Luachan mac cuilinn, ut alii putant. Cuinnid was his name at first, Cathmog his
father's name'.
Significantly, Lusk or Lusca is a very
short distance from the huge promontory fort at Drumanagh, the Bruidhne Forgall
Manach of the ancient Irish tales. Drumanagh is the hill of the Manapii and, as
such, represents the Manapia in Manapii territory found on the map of Ptolemy.
Manapii or Manapia could easily have been rendered Manavia and thus mistaken or
substituted for the Manau in Gododdin.
Aeternus, Cunedda's father, is none other
than Aithirne of Dun and Ben Etair just south of Lusca. Paternus Pesrudd
(‘Red-Cloak’), Cunedda's grandfather, is probably not derived from Mac Badairn
of Es Ruad (‘Red Waterfall’), since Es Ruad is in northwest Ireland
(Ballyshannon in Co. Donegal). I think Paternus, from the L. word for ‘father’,
is Da Derga, the Red God; Da, god, being interpreted as W. tad (cf. L. tata,
‘father’). The Da Derga's hostel was just a little south of the Liffey.
Cunedda's great-great-grandfather is said to be one Tegid (Tacitus), while his
great-great-great grandfather is called Cein. These two chieftains are clearly
Taig/Tadhg and his father Cian. Cian was the founder of the Irish tribe the
Ciannachta, who ruled Mag Breg, a region situated between the Liffey and either
Duleek or Drumiskin (depending on the authority consulted). The Lusca and
Manapia of Chuinnedha are located in Mag Breg.
According to the genealogy edited in
Corpus Genealogiarum Sanctorum Hiberniae, the name of Chuinnedha’s father was
Cathmug. He belonged to the descendants of Tadc mac Cian, otherwise called the
Cianachta. There was a concentration of the saints of this family in the
Dublin/Louth/ Meath area, corresponding roughly to the teritory of the
Cianachta Breg.
It is surely not a coincidence that
according to the Irish Annals Chuinnedha's other name was Mac Cuilinn. We’ve
seen above that Mac Cuilinn and the Maqui-Coline of the Wroxeter Stone in Wales
are not only the same name, but the same person. Gwynedd was thus founded by
Chuinnedha alias Mac Cuilinn of the Manapii in Ireland, not by a chieftain of
Manau Gododdin in Britain.
The Irish origin of Cunedda should not be
a surprise to us, as there is the well-documented case of the Welsh genealogy
of the royal house of Dyfed, which was altered to hide the fact that Dyfed was
founded by the Irish Deisi. We know this because we have the corresponding
Irish genealogy from a saga which tells of the expulsion of the Deisi from
Ireland and their settlement in Dyfed. As is true of Cunedda's pedigree, in the
Welsh Dyfed pedigree we find Roman names substituted for Irish names.
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