I've fielded some complaints from readers that my proposed reading for the ARM[...]S lacuna of the L.Artorius Castus memorial inscription is too vague or ambigous. For the background, see
I believe that concern can be quelled by looking at another ADVERSUS inscription.
In what way would this passage -
dux vexil(lationum) IIII / Germ(anicarum) VIII Aug(ustae) X<X=V>II{I} Pr(imigeniae) I / M(inerviae) XXX Ulp(iae) advers(us) defectores / et rebelles
[publication: CIL 03, 10473 = D 01153 = IDRE-02, 00280 = TitAq-01, 00021 = Legio-XXX, 00150 = AE 1972, +00378
dating: 208 to 211 EDCS-ID: EDCS-29500132]
be any different than
[pr]aef{f}(ectus) leg(ionis) VI / Victricis duci legg[ionu]m Britanici(mi)arum adversus arm[gente]s
"Prefect of the Sixth Victorious Legion, Dux of British legions against armed tribes"
I mean, it seems the first one is perhaps even more ambiguous.
The following website on the first inscription is helpful.
"Caius Julius Septimius Castinus , consul-designate, legate propraetor of the three Augusti, for lower Pannonia, legate of the I Legion Minerva, according to the will of our masters head of a vexillation taken from the four Germanic legions, the VIII Augusta, the XXII Primigenia, the I Minerva and the XXX Ulpia against traitors and rebels...
Named Dux of a vexillation, he drew detachments from the two legions of Upper Germania, the VIII of Argentorate and the XXII of Mainz, as from the two legions of Lower Germania, the I Minerva of Bonne and the XXX Ulpia of Vetera ((Under the Severi, a considerable role was given to these large expeditionary forces organized for a single expedition and commanded by a Dux.)). Against whom and when was this armed force to fight? We do not know exactly and can only examine the possibilities:
1) Against Pescenius Niger in 193-194? The legions of the East proclaimed the legate of Syria, Niger (appointed in 191-192), Emperor. The legions of Septimius Severus won two successes, at Cyzicus, on the shores of the Black Sea, then at Nicaea, a little further east, in late 193-early 194. The decisive victory came at Issus, in April 194, practically where Alexander the Great defeated Darius III. Niger was captured and beheaded, his supporters hunted down and executed.
2) Against Claudius Albinus in 196? During the year 196, the governor of Brittany, Claudius Albinus, "associated Caesar" since 193, rallied all of Gaul, attached the Tarraconaise and set up his headquarters in Lyon from where he threatened all the garrisons on the Rhine border. Septimius Severus won a difficult victory on the outskirts of Lyon and Albinus committed suicide.
3) Against a revolt which would take place in 207 and of which we would ignore the leaders, the troops and the extent."
So, I have suggested the same course of action for an 'armatas gentes' reading on the Castus stone. We look for a known historical event that fits the described dux mission, and takes into account both the reference to the prefect of the British Sixth legion and the British legionary forces involved.
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